2008年6月,A股已经完成了由上证指数6124.04点到3000点的第一次腰斩。周遭不少朋友忍痛清仓,甚至停止了持续甚久的基金定投计划。对于短线仓位清仓,个人是惨痛的,但是暂停基金定投,在我看来却是与定期定投理念背道而驰的–越是如此惨淡的行情,越是该坚持甚至加强定投力度,才可能长期获得更低的平均持仓成本。为了证明自己的信念,所以在同样短线空仓的同时,反而开始了一个基金定投计划。 Continue reading »
WisdomTree旗下的两只高息ETF,WisdomTree Dividend Top 100 Fund和WisdomTree International Dividend Top 100 Fund向美国证监会提交文件,将改变基金名称为WisdomTree Dividend ex-Financials Fund和WisdomTree International Dividend ex-Financials Fund,并将金融股从投资范畴中剔除。
如此做法可以理解。虽然金融股一度是高息股的重要来源,但进入次贷危机之后,大批美国金融机构出现巨大的财政问题,别说派息,连盈利都难保。而美国政府的大规模入股,尤其是高级优先股则决定了,即使未来扭亏为盈,也必须按照约定向美国政府派发高额股息,然后才轮到普通股股东。所以趁早将它们剔除,对于拯救相关ETF的表现大有好处。
申请文件:
The following information supplements the information in the current Prospectus.
Each of the WisdomTree Dividend Top 100 Fund (Ticker Symbol: DTN) and the WisdomTree International Dividend Top 100 Fund (Ticker Symbol: DOO) will change its investment objective and be renamed. These changes are expected to be implemented beginning in late April of 2009.
The WisdomTree Dividend Top 100 Fund will be renamed the WisdomTree Dividend ex-Financials Fund. The renamed Fund will seek to track the price and yield performance, before fees and expenses, of the WisdomTree Dividend ex-Financials Index. The WisdomTree Dividend ex-Financials Index measures the performance of high dividend-yielding stocks outside the financial sector. The Index consists primarily of large- and mid-capitalization companies listed on major U.S. stock exchanges that pass WisdomTree Investments’ market capitalization, liquidity and selection requirements. As of December 31, 2008, approximately 36% of the Index consisted of companies with market capitalizations over $10 billion and 64% of the Index consisted of companies with market capitalization between $2 billion and $10 billion. The top five sectors in the Index currently are consumer discretionary, industrials, materials, telecommunications, and utilities.
The WisdomTree International Dividend Top 100 Fund will be renamed the WisdomTree International Dividend ex-Financials Fund. The renamed Fund will seek to track the price and yield performance, before fees and expenses, of the WisdomTree International Dividend ex-Financials Index. The WisdomTree International Dividend ex-Financials Index measures the performance of high dividend-yielding international stocks outside the financial sector. The index consists primarily of large- and mid-capitalization companies incorporated in Europe, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong and Singapore that pass WisdomTree Investments’ market capitalization, liquidity and selection requirements. As of December 31, 2008, approximately 71% of the Index consisted of companies with market capitalizations over $10 billion and 29% of the Index consisted of companies with market capitalization between $2 billion and $10 billion. The top five international sectors in the Index currently are consumer discretionary, consumer staples, health care, telecommunications, and utilities.
WisdomTree does not believe that the planned changes to the Funds’ portfolios are likely to generate any negative tax consequences for current investors. Investors that believe the Funds’ new objectives meet their investment needs do not need to take any action and can simply hold onto their current positions.
Investors that wish to maintain exposure to dividend-paying stocks, including stocks in the financial sector, may want to consider moving their investment out of the Funds and into one of the other WisdomTree ETFs. If you sell shares of a Fund you may incur capital gains or losses upon the sale of your shares. We suggest that you consult a tax adviser to better understand how this might impact your specific tax situation.
In light of recent market events, some clients have expressed an interest in achieving exposure to dividend paying stocks without having exposure to the financial sector. The planned changes to the Funds are designed to provide investors with the tools to do this. The planned changes do not impact any of the forty other WisdomTree Equity ETFs. WisdomTree remains fully committed to our fundamental approach that uses dividends as a primary metric of value to generate income and achieve long-term investment goals across all sectors. Once the changes are implemented WisdomTree investors will have the ability to invest in an array of fundamentally-weighted ETFs that provide broad market exposure, as well as ETFs that provide specific sector exposure or that eliminate exposure to the financial sector.
Additional information about the Funds and the other WisdomTree ETFs is available at www.wisdomtree.com
from SEC

看了一下美林发布的美国高息企业债(其实就是投资级别以下的垃圾债券)指数,近阶段的息差竟然高达19厘。

是的,次贷危机中,许多企业是比较糟糕,尤其是金融类企业以及汽车类企业。但是19厘的息差,该足以弥补这块的风险了吧?
要捕捉这样的机会,ETF无疑是比较省心的方法。查了一下,目前有两个美国高息企业债ETF,一个是iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond Fund(HYG),还有一个是SPDR Lehman High Yield Bond ETF (JNK)。
比较了一下,JNK的优势在于年管理费为0.4%,比HYG的0.5%低,同时到期收益率为19.36%,高于HYG的17.94%。至于说劣势,JNK的规模目前为4.5亿美元,仅为HYG8.8亿美元的一半多一点——当然,对我等小散户,这点流动性差别不大。
虽然就基金本身不好做决断,但是价格却为我们做出了判断。
HYG截至11月28日净值为63.52美元,市价则为66.25美元,溢价4.30%;而JNK截至11月28日净值为27.81美元,市价为28.39美元,溢价2.09%。债券投资本身就是锱铢必较的事情,自然挑选溢价率低且到期收益率高的JNK买了。
这段日子,由于美元、日元的大幅升值,携带交易(carry trade)日子不好过。
所谓携带交易,按照INVESTOPEDIA的解释,即:
A strategy in which an investor sells a certain currency with a relatively low interest rate and uses the funds to purchase a different currency yielding a higher interest rate. A trader using this strategy attempts to capture the difference between the rates, which can often be substantial, depending on the amount of leverage the investor chooses to use.
用中文简单说,就是借入低息货币,买入高息货币,在两者汇率稳定的情况下,两者的息差就归携带交易者所有——若高息货币走强,那么还将有汇率上的额外收益。
时代进步,携带交易早已不是大型对冲基金的专利了。Powershare联合德意志银行于2006年9月18日推出了Powershares DB G10 Currency Harvest ETF(DBV),便是希望为普通ETF投资者提供一种简单进行携带交易的载体。
DBV的策略很简单,在G10货币中,通过期货市场做多利率最高的三个,同时做空利率最低的三个,同时通过持有3月期美债来为这些期货合约提供足额的保证金。
下图是DBV所跟踪的G10 CFH指数与S&P 500指数相比2000年迄今的走势图,我们可以看出在2000年至2007年这七年中,此策略表现很是不错,不仅年化9.01%的回报大幅跑赢S&P 500指数的1.75%,而且一路几乎是单边向上,当初至出现过很小的波折——回报高波动小,实在是很完美的策略。

当然,最近数月,此策略遭受重挫,谁让其做空美股、日元,做多澳元、纽元。7月1日至11月21日,G10 CFH指数大跌28.71%,DBV基金的跌幅也达到27.98%,不过,同期S&P 500指数跌幅更达到37.74%。以今年迄今回报来看,DBV基金29.48%的跌幅同样依然大幅跑赢S&P 500指数45.52%的跌幅。从更长期的尺度来看,2000年迄今G10 CFH指数仍有49.13%的累计涨幅,而S&P 500指数则下跌34.06%,两者差距极为可观。
问题就是,近期美元、日元的走强,不过是在一堆差货币中选一个次差的,而且如此如此大的变动充满了不理智的成分。
也许,在未来数年中,继续坚持携带交易,赌美元、日元打回原形也许是个不错的策略。
白驹过隙,一年过去了。
时间,是最伟大的魔术师。一年前,基金是人见人爱的香饽饽,那时候,你要送一个人去天堂,就会推荐他买基金;然而一年后,基金却成了让许多人唾弃的伤心物,此时此刻,你要送一个人去地狱,相信也会推荐他买基金。
从天堂到地狱的距离,不过上证指数从6124.04点到2566.53点那3557.51点的跌幅;而从天堂到地狱的时间,也不过是完成这番比腰斩更痛跌幅的短短38周时间。
“这辈子再也不买基金”,一年前高呼着“爱死基金了”的许多人,如今却发出了这样的恶狠狠的誓言。对于一个投资人,一个财经记者而言,最扼腕的无疑就是看到身边的人说出了这样的誓言,无疑就是看着这些好不容易踏进了理财殿堂大门的新手们因为一个小小的挫折又退缩了回去。
“世界上最远的距离,不是生与死的距离,而是我站在你的面前,你却不知道我爱你 ”,钟爱的女作家张小娴如是说。但在投资理财的世界中,最遥远的距离,不是股市从天堂到地狱的距离,而是投资者买了股票基金,却对股票基金特性毫无了解。
是的,今年以来,没有一个股票基金录得正回报,即使是翘楚也出现了25%以上的跌幅,但是正如《无间道》中的那句名言,“出来混,终究是要还的”。在经历了2006年和2007年两年大牛市之后,出现半年的深幅调整也是难以避免的事情——即使上半年出现重挫,但依然有大把基金在过去两年为基民带来了年化 50%以上的收益,相比少得可怜的银行存款和债券收益,基民当满足了。
更何况,如今基民买的,终究不是以追求绝对回报为宗旨的对冲基金,市面上的这些基金在投资手段匮乏的情况下,能做的也只是尽量打败大盘——虽然在去年很多基金并未完成这个任务,但是上半年却均显示出了专家投资的价值所在——相比上证指数上半年48%的跌幅,不少基金不过是其一半或者六成。别小看这些差别,当你下跌48%后,必须上涨92.31%才能收复失地,但若只是下跌24%,不过是31.58%即可回本——是的,当前者回本之时,你已经又多了60%的利润了。
是的,在2007年,买不买基金未必是投资决胜的关键。一个什么都不懂的投资新人,听消息随便捂一个垃圾股,分分钟都可以能数倍的上涨轻松打败最杰出的基金;但是在2008年,一个投资新人不买基金将会“死”得很难看。作为一个基民,你看到的不该只是过去被抹掉的利润,而更应该看到相比那些股票投资者的幸运所在 ——并进一步庆幸买了基金才是。
当然,终究有一些基民会因为“输不起”而埋怨基金的表现。但是,究竟是基金背弃了你,还是你首先背弃了基金。相信任何一个合格的理财顾问都无数次告诉过你:1)不是所有的基金都一样的,好基金和烂基金表现差异会很悬殊;2)基金投资当作配置,最好是高风险股票基金和债券基金都有所配置,只买股票基金是危险的行动;3)长期投资尤其是定期定额投资很可贵,可以在下跌中降低持有成本。然而,上述这些基金投资简单朴素但却重要的要点,有多少基民奉行了呢?
2007年,很多人称其为理财尤其是基金理财的“元年”——从行动来看,这样的称呼无疑是正确的,正是这一年,许多人开始尝试了基金投资;但是,2008年,同样也该是理财尤其是基金理财的另一个“元年”——理念上的元年,在经历了一波牛市疯涨和一波熊市下跌后,体会到了投资市场的潮起潮落巨大风险之后,每一个基民都当开始建立起正确的投资理念了。

张佳昺,CFA(特许金融分析师)